The failure of civil cases in Pakistan is a multi-faceted issue, rooted in systemic inefficiencies, cultural factors, and governance challenges. Here are some major reasons:

1. Judicial Delays

• Overburdened Courts: A significant backlog of cases exists in courts at all levels. According to reports, civil cases often take years or even decades to conclude.

• Adjournments: Frequent and unnecessary adjournments requested by lawyers or allowed by the court delay justice.

2. Corruption

• Judiciary and Administration: Corruption within the judicial system can influence case outcomes, compromising justice.

• Litigants and Lawyers: Bribery and unethical practices can lead to manipulated decisions.

3. Inefficient Legal Framework

• Outdated Laws: Many laws governing civil disputes are outdated and fail to address modern societal needs.

• Procedural Complexity: The civil procedure code is often cumbersome and prone to misuse by delaying tactics.

4. Lack of Resources

• Judicial Infrastructure: Many courts lack the infrastructure, technology, and personnel to handle cases efficiently.

• Qualified Judges: Insufficient training and resources for judges reduce the quality of legal judgments.

5. Cultural and Social Norms

• Preference for Informal Resolution: Many people prefer resolving disputes through jirgas or panchayats instead of courts.

• Lack of Awareness: Many litigants, especially from rural areas, lack awareness of their legal rights and processes.

6. Legal Representation Issues

• Inefficient Lawyers: Some lawyers prioritize their financial gains over timely resolution, deliberately prolonging cases.

• Cost of Litigation: High legal fees discourage efficient pursuit of justice, especially for low-income litigants.

7. Weak Enforcement of Judgments

• Even when judgments are passed, their enforcement is often weak due to a lack of coordination between courts and executive authorities.

8. Political Interference

• Political influence often undermines judicial independence, leading to biased or delayed verdicts.

Potential Solutions

To address these issues, several measures are needed:

• Judicial Reforms: Modernize the legal framework, simplify procedures, and reduce adjournments.

• Capacity Building: Increase the number of judges and courts, and provide training and technology.

• Transparency: Introduce mechanisms to combat corruption